Tokenomics

Circle Built a Chain to Get Paid for Money It Already Moves

USDC settled roughly $32 trillion in 2026 through August and Circle collected fees on almost none of it. Arc, its own Layer 1 with USDC as the gas token and twelve named institutions as validators, opens to the public on 16 September 2026. The two-asset model, and four design lessons that transfer.

Tokenomics

Necessity Is Not Value Capture: The Zcash Lesson

Zcash earned the highest coin-necessity score on our scale, 5,0 out of 5,0, and still finished at 66 out of 100. Net emission of 3,89% with no sink, a burn proposal sized at 0,05% of a single year of issuance, and a lockbox that defers supply instead of retiring it.

Tokenomics

What the CLARITY Act Asks of Your Token Model

A bill that hasn’t passed is already rewriting token models: a 20% control threshold, affiliate disclosure, stablecoin yield and governance-only tokens. Four patterns that fail the CLARITY Act, what to rebuild before the September 15 Senate vote, and why it costs nothing if the bill dies.